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© Copyright 2000-2002, Robert A. Freitas Jr.
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In the 1980s and 1990s, a handful of authors began speculating about the physical forms that future medical nanorobots might take. A few created artist's conceptions of their devices. During this time, only the broadest analyses of the missions and capabilities that might be desired had been attempted. Detailed technical and engineering studies, in many cases, still lay years in the future. Despite this handicap, some of these designs have many plausible elements, along with other elements which, in hindsight, may appear fanciful, impractical, or even dangerous. These speculations continue through the present.
Images are provided from both the mechanical and biological traditions of medical nanotechnology, although there is a primary emphasis on the former. References to original print or electronic sources are given whenever possible.
 Image #101 T4 Bacteriophage |
 Image #102 Cell Repair Machines I |
 Image #103 Cell Repair Machines II |
 Image #104 Nanosubmarine |
 Image #105 Cell Repair Machines III |
 Image #106 Cell Repair Machines IV |
 Image #107 The Chrysalis |
 Image #108 DNA Repair Machines |
 Image #109 Immune Machines |
 Image #110 Nanotech. Playhouse I |
 Image #111 Nanotech. Playhouse II |
 Image #112 Nanotech. Playhouse III |
 Image #113 Nanotech. Playhouse IV |
 Image #114 Nanotech. Playhouse V |
 Image #115 Cell Repair Machines V |
 Image #116 Cell Repair Machines VI |
 Image #117 Cell Repair Machines VII |
 Image #118 Cell Repair Machines VIII |
 Image #119 Molecular Machines |
 Image #120 Artery Cleaner |
 Image #121 Anatomy of a Nanoprobe |
 Image #142 Nanomedicine Theme |
 Image #146 Micro-Medics 2 |
 Image #147 Bloodstream Micro-Medics |
 Image #148 Virtual Nanomedicine |
 Image #149 Bloodstream Hexabot |
 Image #150 Toward the Breach |
 Image #151 Conceptual Nanobots |
 Image #152 Lung Cleaners |
 Image #156 Tiny Tech |
 Image #166 Stinger I |
 Image #167 Stinger II |
 Image #168 Peepers I |
 Image #169 Peepers II |
 Image #170 Drillers I |
 Image #217 Artery Cleaner V |